MediaPlus是基于FFmpeg从零开发的android多媒体组件,主要包括:采集,编码,同步,推流,滤镜及直播及短视频比较通用的功能等,后续功能的新增都会有相应文档更新,感谢关注。
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android相机的视频采集格式比较多 ,如:NV21,NV12,YV12等。他们之间的区别就是U,V排列顺序不一致,具体YUV相关内容可以看看其他详细的文档,如:[总结]FFMPEG视音频编解码零基础学习方法。
需要了解的就是:YUV采样,数据分布及空间大小计算。 YUV采样:
YUV420P YUV排序如下图:
NV12,NV21,YV12,I420都属于YUV420,但是YUV420 又分为YUV420P,YUV420SP,P与SP区别就是,前者YUV420P UV顺序存储,而YUV420SP则是UV交错存储,这是最大的区别,具体的yuv排序就是这样的: I420: YYYYYYYY UU VV ->YUV420P YV12: YYYYYYYY VV UU ->YUV420P NV12: YYYYYYYY UVUV ->YUV420SP NV21: YYYYYYYY VUVU ->YUV420SP
那么H264编码,为什么需要把android 相机采集的NV21数据转换成YUV420P? 刚开始对这些颜色格式也很模糊,后来找到了真理:因为H264编码必须要用 I420, 所以这里必须要处理色彩格式转换。 MediaPlus采集视频数据为NV21格式,以下描述如何获取android camera采集的每一帧数据,并处理色彩格式转换,代码如下:
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获取相机采集数据:
mCamera = Camera.open(Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK); mParams = mCamera.getParameters(); setCameraDisplayOrientation(this, Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK, mCamera); mParams.setPreviewSize(SRC_FRAME_WIDTH, SRC_FRAME_HEIGHT); mParams.setPreviewFormat(ImageFormat.NV21); //preview format:NV21 mParams.setFocusMode(Camera.Parameters.FOCUS_MODE_CONTINUOUS_VIDEO); m_camera.setDisplayOrientation(90); mCamera.setParameters(mParams); // setting camera parameters m_camera.addCallbackBuffer(m_nv21); m_camera.setPreviewCallbackWithBuffer(this); m_camera.startPreview(); @Override public void onPreviewFrame(byte[] data, Camera camera) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub //data这里就是获取到的NV21数据 m_camera.addCallbackBuffer(m_nv21);//这里要添加一次缓冲,否则onPreviewFrame可能不会再被回调 }
因为NV21数据的所需空间大小(字节)=宽 x 高 x 3 / 2 (y=WxH,u=WxH/4,v=WxH/4);所以我们需要建立一个byte数组,作为采集视频数据的缓冲区. MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.streamer.RtmpPushStreamer 类主要采集音视频数据,并交由底层处理;有两个线程分别用于处理音视频,AudioThread 、VideoThread.
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首先看下VideoThread
/** * 视频采集线程 */class VideoThread extends Thread { public volatile boolean m_bExit = false; byte[] m_nv21Data = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth * mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2]; byte[] m_I420Data = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth * mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2]; byte[] m_RotateData = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth * mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2]; byte[] m_MirrorData = new byte[mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth * mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight * 3 / 2]; @Override public void run() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub super.run(); VideoCaptureInterface.GetFrameDataReturn ret; while (!m_bExit) { try { Thread.sleep(1, 10); if (m_bExit) { break; } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } ret = mVideoCapture.GetFrameData(m_nv21Data, m_nv21Data.length); if (ret == VideoCaptureInterface.GetFrameDataReturn.RET_SUCCESS) { frameCount++; LibJniVideoProcess.NV21TOI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_nv21Data, m_I420Data); if (curCameraType == VideoCaptureInterface.CameraDeviceType.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) { LibJniVideoProcess.MirrorI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_I420Data, m_MirrorData); LibJniVideoProcess.RotateI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_MirrorData, m_RotateData, 90); } else if (curCameraType == VideoCaptureInterface.CameraDeviceType.CAMERA_FACING_BACK) { LibJniVideoProcess.RotateI420(mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameWidth, mVideoSizeConfig.srcFrameHeight, m_I420Data, m_RotateData, 90); } encodeVideo(m_RotateData, m_RotateData.length); } } } public void stopThread() { m_bExit = true; } } }
为什么要旋转? 实际上android camera采集的时候,不管手机是纵向还是横向,视频都是横向进行采集,这样当手机纵向的时候,就会有角度差异;前置需要旋转270°,后置旋转90°,这样就能保证采集到的图像和手机方向是一致的。
处理镜像的原因是因为前置相机采集的图像默认就是镜像的,再做一次镜像,将图像还原回去。 MediaPlus中,使用libyuv来处理转换、旋转、镜像等。 MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.jni.LibJniVideoProcess 提供应用层接口
package app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.jni; import app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.config.MediaNativeInit; /** * 色彩空间处理 * Created by android on 11/16/17. */ public class LibJniVideoProcess { static { MediaNativeInit.InitMedia(); } /** * NV21转换I420 * * @param in_width 输入宽度 * @param in_height 输入高度 * @param srcData 源数据 * @param dstData 目标数据 * @return */ public static native int NV21TOI420(int in_width, int in_height, byte[] srcData, byte[] dstData); /** * 镜像I420 * @param in_width 输入宽度 * @param in_height 输入高度 * @param srcData 源数据 * @param dstData 目标数据 * @return */ public static native int MirrorI420(int in_width, int in_height, byte[] srcData, byte[] dstData); /** * 指定角度旋转I420 * @param in_width 输入宽度 * @param in_height 输入高度 * @param srcData 源数据 * @param dstData 目标数据 */ public static native int RotateI420(int in_width, int in_height, byte[] srcData, byte[] dstData, int rotationValue); }
libmedia/src/cpp/jni/jni_Video_Process.cpp 图像处理JNI层,libyuv比较强大,包括了所有YUV的转换等其他处理,简单描述下函数参数,如:
LIBYUV_API int NV21ToI420(const uint8* src_y, int src_stride_y, const uint8* src_vu, int src_stride_vu, uint8* dst_y, int dst_stride_y, uint8* dst_u, int dst_stride_u, uint8* dst_v, int dst_stride_v, int width, int height);
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src_y :y分量存储空间
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src_stride_y :y分量宽度数据长度
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src_vu:uv分量存储空间
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src_stride_uv:uv分量宽度数据长度
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dst_y :目标y分量存储空间
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dst_u :目标u分量存储空间
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dst_v :目标v分量存储空间
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dst_stride_y:目标y分量宽度数据长度
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dst_stride_u:目标v分量宽度数据长度
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dst_stride_v:目标u分量宽度数据长度
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width: 视频宽
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height:视频高
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假设,一个8(宽)x6(高)的图像,函数参数如下:
int width = 8; int height = 6; //源数据存储空间 uint8_t *srcNV21Data; //目标存储空间 uint8_t *dstI420Data; src_y=srcNV21Data; src_uv=srcNV21Data + (widthxheight); src_stride_y=width; src_stride_uv=width/2; dst_y=dstI420Data; dst_u=dstI420Data+(widthxheight); dst_v=dstI420Data+(widthxheightx5/4); dst_stride_y=width; dst_stride_u=width/2; dst_stride_v=width/2;
以下是调用libyuv完成图像转换、旋转、镜像的代码:
// // Created by developer on 11/16/17. // #include "jni_Video_Process.h" #ifdef __cplusplus extern "C" { #endif JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_NV21TOI420(JNIEnv * env, class type,jin in_width,jin in_height,jbyteArray srcData_,jbyteArray dstData_){ jbyte * srcData = env -> GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL); jbyte * dstData = env -> GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL); VideoProcess::NV21TOI420 (in_width, in_height, (const uint8_t *)srcData, (uint8_t *) dstData); return 0; } JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_MirrorI420 (JNIEnv * env,class type,jin in_width,jin in_height,jbyteArray srcData_,jbyteArray dstData_){ jbyte * srcData = env -> GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL); jbyte * dstData = env -> GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL); VideoProcess::MirrorI420 (in_width, in_height, (const uint8_t *)srcData, (uint8_t *) dstData); return 0; } JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LibJniVideoProcess_RotateI420 (JNIEnv * env, class type,jin in_width,jin in_hegith,jbyteArray srcData_,jbyteArray dstData_,jint rotationValue){ jbyte * srcData = env -> GetByteArrayElements(srcData_, NULL); jbyte * dstData = env -> GetByteArrayElements(dstData_, NULL); return VideoProcess::RotateI420 (in_width, in_hegith, (const uint8_t *)srcData, (uint8_t *) dstData, rotationValue); } #ifdef __cplusplus } #endif
以上代码完成NV21转换为I420等处理,接下来将数据传入底层,就可以使用FFmpeg进行H264编码了,下图是底层C++封装类图: 类图说明了,MediaEncoder依赖于MediaCapture,MediaPushStreamer依赖MediaEncoder的相互关系。VideoCapture接收视频数据缓存至videoCaptureframeQueue,AudioCapture接收音频数据缓存至audioCaptureframeQueue,这样RtmpPushStreamer就可以调用MediaEncoder完成音视频编码,并推流。
MediaPlus>>app.mobile.nativeapp.com.libmedia.core.streamer.RtmpPushStreamer,InitNative()中调用了 initCapture()用于初始化接收音视频数据的两个类及initEncoder()初始化音视频编码器,当调用startPushStream开始直播推流时,经JNI方法LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl)开始底层编码推流。
/** * 初始化底层采集与编码器 */private boolean InitNative () {
if (!initCapture()) {
return false;
}
if (!initEncoder()) {
return false;
}
Log.d("initNative", "native init success!");
nativeInt = true;
return nativeInt;
} /** * 开启推流 * @param pushUrl * @return */private boolean startPushStream (String
pushUrl){
if (nativeInt) {
int ret = 0;
ret = LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl);
if (ret < 0) {
Log.d("initNative", "native push failed!");
return false;
}
return true;
}
return false;
}
以下是开启推流时的JNI层调用:
/** * 开始推流 */JNIEXPORT jint
JNICALL Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LiveJniMediaManager_StartPush (JNIEnv * env, jclass
type, jstring url_){
mMutex.lock();
if (videoCaptureInit && audioCaptureInit) {
startStream = true;
isClose = false;
videoCapture -> StartCapture();
audioCapture -> StartCapture(); const char *url = env -> GetStringUTFChars(url_, 0);
rtmpStreamer = RtmpStreamer::Get
(); //初始化推流器 if (rtmpStreamer->InitStreamer(url) != 0) { LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni initStreamer success!"); mMutex.unlock(); return -1; } rtmpStreamer->SetVideoEncoder(videoEncoder); rtmpStreamer->SetAudioEncoder(audioEncoder); if (rtmpStreamer->StartPushStream() != 0) { LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni push stream failed!"); videoCapture->CloseCapture(); audioCapture->CloseCapture(); rtmpStreamer->ClosePushStream(); mMutex.unlock(); return -1; } LOG_D(DEBUG, "jni push stream success!"); env->ReleaseStringUTFChars(url_, url); } mMutex.unlock(); return 0; }
AudioCapture\VideoCapture用于接收应用层传入的音视频数据及采集参数,libyuv转换的I420,LiveJniMediaManager.StartPush(pushUrl)调用后, videoCapture->StartCapture() VideoCapture就可以接收到上层传入音视频数据,
LiveJniMediaManager.EncodeH264(videoBuffer, length);
JNIEXPORT jint JNICALL Java_app_mobile_nativeapp_com_libmedia_core_jni_LiveJniMediaManager_EncodeH264
(JNIEnv * env, jclass type, jbyteArray videoBuffer_, jint length){
if (videoCaptureInit && !isClose) {
jbyte * videoSrc = env -> GetByteArrayElements(videoBuffer_, 0);
uint8_t * videoDstData = (uint8_t *) malloc(length);
memcpy(videoDstData, videoSrc, length);
OriginData * videoOriginData = new OriginData();
videoOriginData -> size = length;
videoOriginData -> data = videoDstData;
videoCapture -> PushVideoData(videoOriginData);
env -> ReleaseByteArrayElements(videoBuffer_, videoSrc, 0);
} return 0;
}
VideoCapture接收到数据后缓存至同步队列:
/** * 往队列中添加视频数据 */int VideoCapture::PushVideoData(OriginData * originData) {
if (ExitCapture) {
return 0;
}
originData -> pts = av_gettime();
LOG_D(DEBUG, "video capture pts :%lld", originData -> pts);
videoCaputureframeQueue.push(originData);
return originData -> size;
}
libmedia/src/main/cpp/core/VideoEncoder.cpp libmedia/src/main/cpp/core/RtmpStreamer.cpp 这两个类是核心,前者负责编码视频,后者用于Rtmp推流,从前面的JNI调用开始推流 rtmpStreamer->SetVideoEncoder(videoEncoder),可以看出来RtmpStreamer依赖VideoEncoder类,接下来说明下相互间如何完成编码及推流:
/** * 视频编码任务 */void *RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask ( void *pObj){
RtmpStreamer * rtmpStreamer = (RtmpStreamer *) pObj;
rtmpStreamer -> isPushStream = true;
if (NULL == rtmpStreamer -> videoEncoder) {
return 0;
}
VideoCapture * pVideoCapture = rtmpStreamer -> videoEncoder -> GetVideoCapture();
AudioCapture * pAudioCapture = rtmpStreamer -> audioEncoder -> GetAudioCapture();
if (NULL == pVideoCapture) {
return 0;
}
int64_t beginTime = av_gettime();
int64_t lastAudioPts = 0;
while (true) {
if (!rtmpStreamer -> isPushStream || pVideoCapture -> GetCaptureState()) {
break;
}
OriginData * pVideoData = pVideoCapture -> GetVideoData(); // OriginData *pAudioData = pAudioCapture->GetAudioData(); //h264 encode if (pVideoData != NULL && pVideoData->data) { // if(pAudioData&&pAudioData->pts>pVideoData->pts){ // int64_t overValue=pAudioData->pts-pVideoData->pts; // pVideoData->pts+=overValue+1000; // LOG_D(DEBUG, "synchronized video audio pts videoPts:%lld audioPts:%lld", pVideoData->pts,pAudioData->pts); // } pVideoData->pts = pVideoData->pts – beginTime; LOG_D(DEBUG, "before video encode pts:%lld", pVideoData->pts); rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->EncodeH264(&pVideoData); LOG_D(DEBUG, "after video encode pts:%lld", pVideoData->avPacket->pts); } if (pVideoData != NULL && pVideoData->avPacket->size > 0) { rtmpStreamer->SendFrame(pVideoData, rtmpStreamer->videoStreamIndex); } } return 0; } int RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream() { videoStreamIndex = AddStream(videoEncoder->videoCodecContext); audioStreamIndex = AddStream(audioEncoder->audioCodecContext); pthread_create(&t3, NULL, RtmpStreamer::WriteHead, this); pthread_join(t3, NULL); VideoCapture *pVideoCapture = videoEncoder->GetVideoCapture(); AudioCapture *pAudioCapture = audioEncoder->GetAudioCapture(); pVideoCapture->videoCaputureframeQueue.clear(); pAudioCapture->audioCaputureframeQueue.clear(); if(writeHeadFinish) { pthread_create(&t1, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushAudioStreamTask, this); pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask, this); }else{ return -1; } // pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushStreamTask, this); // pthread_create(&t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushStreamTask, this); return 0; }
rtmpStreamer->StartPushStream()调用了,RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream(); 在RtmpStreamer::StartPushStream()中,开起新的线程:
pthread_create( & t1, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushAudioStreamTask, this);
pthread_create( & t2, NULL, RtmpStreamer::PushVideoStreamTask, this);
在PushVideoStreamTask主要有以下调用:
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从VideoCapture队列中获取缓存的数据pVideoCapture->GetVideoData().
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计算PTS:pVideoData->pts = pVideoData->pts – beginTime.
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编码器完成编码:rtmpStreamer->videoEncoder->EncodeH264(&pVideoData).
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rtmpStreamer->SendFrame(pVideoData, rtmpStreamer->videoStreamIndex) 完成推流.
这样就完成了编码与推流的整个流程,那么是如何完成编码的? 因为在开启推流之前,就已经初始化了编码器,所以RtmpStreamer只需要调用VideoEncoder编码,其实VideoCapture,RtmpStreamer二者就是生产者与消费者的模式。 VideoEncoder::EncodeH264();正是完成了推流前的重要部分-视频编码。
ini复制代码int VideoEncoder::EncodeH264(OriginData **originData) { av_image_fill_arrays(outputYUVFrame->data, outputYUVFrame->linesize, (*originData)->data, AV_PIX_FMT_YUV420P, videoCodecContext->width, videoCodecContext->height, 1); outputYUVFrame->pts = (*originData)->pts; int ret = 0; ret = avcodec_send_frame(videoCodecContext, outputYUVFrame); if (ret != 0) { #ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFO LOG_D(DEBUG, "avcodec video send frame failed"); #endif } av_packet_unref(&videoPacket); ret = avcodec_receive_packet(videoCodecContext, &videoPacket); if (ret != 0) { #ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFO LOG_D(DEBUG, "avcodec video recieve packet failed"); #endif } (*originData)->Drop(); (*originData)->avPacket = &videoPacket; #ifdef SHOW_DEBUG_INFO LOG_D(DEBUG, "encode video packet size:%d pts:%lld", (*originData)->avPacket->size, (*originData)->avPacket->pts); LOG_D(DEBUG, "Video frame encode success!"); #endif (*originData)->avPacket->size; return videoPacket.size; }
以上就是H264编码的核心代码了,填充AVFrame,再完成编码,AVFrame data中存储的是编码前的数据,经编码后AVPacket data中存储的是压缩编码后的数据,再通过 RtmpStreamer::SendFrame()将编码后的数据发送出去。发送过程中,需要转换PTS,DTS时间基数,将本地编码器的时间基数,转换为AVStream中的时间基数。
ini复制代码 int RtmpStreamer::SendFrame(OriginData *pData, int streamIndex) { std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut1); AVRational stime; AVRational dtime; AVPacket *packet = pData->avPacket; packet->stream_index = streamIndex; LOG_D(DEBUG, "write packet index:%d index:%d pts:%lld", packet->stream_index, streamIndex, packet->pts); //判断是音频还是视频 if (packet->stream_index == videoStreamIndex) { stime = videoCodecContext->time_base; dtime = videoStream->time_base; } else if (packet->stream_index == audioStreamIndex) { stime = audioCodecContext->time_base; dtime = audioStream->time_base; } else { LOG_D(DEBUG, "unknow stream index"); return -1; } packet->pts = av_rescale_q(packet->pts, stime, dtime); packet->dts = av_rescale_q(packet->dts, stime, dtime); packet->duration = av_rescale_q(packet->duration, stime, dtime); int ret = av_interleaved_write_frame(iAvFormatContext, packet); if (ret == 0) { if (streamIndex == audioStreamIndex) { LOG_D(DEBUG, "---------->write @@@@@@@@@ frame success------->!"); } else if (streamIndex == videoStreamIndex) { LOG_D(DEBUG, "---------->write ######### frame success------->!"); } } else { char buf[1024] = {0}; av_strerror(ret, buf, sizeof(buf)); LOG_D(DEBUG, "stream index %d writer frame failed! :%s", streamIndex, buf); } return 0; }
以上是MediaPlus H264编码与Rtmp推流的整个流程,相关文章待续…… 能力有限,如有纰漏还请指正。
版权声明:本文为原创文章,转载请注明出处。
作者:swordman
转自:https://juejin.cn/post/6844903512585814023