Netty是一个基于NIO的客户端、服务器端编程框架,提供异步的、事件驱动的网络应用程序框架和工具,可以快速开发高可用的客户端和服务器。Netty是由JBOSS提供的开源框架,常用于搭建RPC中的TCP服务器、WebSocket服务器,甚至是类似Tomcat的web服务器等。
以下是Netty入门的基本步骤:
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导入Netty依赖:在项目的pom.xml文件中添加Netty的依赖项,例如:
xml<dependency>
<groupId>io.netty</groupId>
<artifactId>netty-all</artifactId>
<version>4.1.65.Final</version>
</dependency>
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创建ServerBootstrap对象:用于引导和配置Netty的服务端程序,例如:
javaEventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
// 添加自定义的ChannelHandler
ch.pipeline().addLast(new MyServerHandler());
}
});
// 绑定端口,开始接收进来的连接
ChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
// 关闭服务器
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
// 优雅地关闭服务器
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
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创建ChannelHandler处理器:处理来自客户端的请求或消息,例如:
javapublic class MyServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<Object> {
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
// 处理客户端请求或消息
String request = (String) msg;
System.out.println("Received request: " + request);
// 返回响应给客户端
String response = "Response to " + request;
ctx.writeAndFlush(response);
}
}
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绑定端口并启动服务:通过EventLoopGroup绑定端口并启动服务,例如:
javaChannelFuture channelFuture = serverBootstrap.bind(8080).sync();
channelFuture.channel().closeFuture().sync();